翡翠

 　　gurenjiangpeiyuweimei，huangjinyoujiayuwujia。yumaizangdixiajiwannianhuoshishangyinian，yuzhonghanyoudaliangkuangwuyuansu，suoyirenmenchangshuorenyangyu ，yuyangren。　feicui，jade yechengfeicuiyu、cuiyu、yingyu、miandianyu，shiyudeyizhong，yansechengcuilvse(chengzhicui)huohongse(chengzhifei)，shizaidizhizuoyongxiaxingchengdedadaoyujideshizhiduojingjiheti。

　　翡翠的定义

　　feicuidemingchenglaiziniaoming，zheizhongniaodeyumaofeichangxianyan，xiongxingdeyumaochenghongse，mingfeiniao，cixingdeyumaochenglvse，mingcuiniao，hechengfeicui，mingchaoshi，miandianyuchuanruzhongguohou，jiuguanyi“feicui”zhiming。lingyishuogudai“cui”zhuanzhixinjianghetianchuchandelvyu，feicuichuanruzhongguohou，weileyuhetiantianlvyuqufen，chengqiwei“feicui”，houjianyanbianwei“feicui”。

　　翡翠的物理化学性质

　　1.huaxuechengfen：guisuanyanlvna—naai〔si2 o6〕，changhanca、cr、ni、mn、mg、fedengweiliangyuansu.

　　2.kuangwuchengfen：yiyingyuweizhu，ciweilvhuishi、nagehuishi、nishi、jiaoshanshi、nazhangshideng。

　　3.jiejingtedian：danxiejingxi，changchengzhuzhuang、xianweizhuang、zhanzhuangzhimijiheti，yuanliaochengkuaizhuangcishengliaoweilishizhuang

　　4.yingdu：6.5—7

　　5.jieli：xilijihetiwujieli;cudakelizaiduanmianshangkejianshanshanfaliangde“cangyingchi”

　　6.guangze：youzhiguangzezhiboliguangze，gaodangpinjieweiboliguangze

　　7.toumingdu：bantoumingzhibutouming

　　8.xiangduimidu：3.25——3.40，diancefawei3.33kemeilifanglimi

　　9.zheshelv：1.66

　　10.yanse：yansefengfuduocai，qizhonglvseweishangpin，anyansekefenweisanzhongleixing;①pileiyanse;zhifeicuizuiwaicengbiaopideyanse，qixingchengyuhouqifenghuazuoyongyouguan。zheileiyanseweigezhongshenqianbutongdehongse、huangsehehuise，qitedianzaikaojinyuanliaodewaipibufenchengjintongxinzhuang。hongsechangchengweifei;②dizise：youcheng“dizi”yanse，youdisezhiyi，zhilvseyiwaideqitayanse，weishenqianbutongdebaise、youse、oufen、huisedeng;③lvleiyanse;zhifeicuidebense，zheileiyansedetedianweigezhongshenqianbutongdelvse。youshilvzhongbaohanzheheise。lvsechangchengweicui.

　　11.faguangxing：qiansefeicuizaizhangboziwaiguangzhongfachuandandebaiguangyingguang，duanboziwaiguangxiawufanying。

　　翡翠的文化

　　feicuiwenhuadiyunshenhou，zhongguorenjiangdeyuwenhua、wenrun、zhongyongdengguanniandoufeichangfuhedongfangrendefengge，erqiebuguannannvlaoshaodoukeyipeidaifeicui。feicui，ziguyilaijiuyunhanzheshenmidongfangwenhuadelingxiuzhiqi，youzhe“dongfanglvbaoshi”demeiyu，beirenmenfengweizhenguidebaoshi。”chuanjinxianfugui、daiyubaopingan”，tianjingdisui·zhenyushijiadefeicuijixiangtuanshengdongbizhen，duozhongduoyang，sucaibaokuorenwu、qiwu、dongwu、zhiwudeng，biaoxianneirongyouqiqiufushoujixiang、pinganruyi、duoziduosun、shengguanfacai、xishilianliandeng。zaizhongguogudai，yunaishiguozhizhongqi，jitiandeyubi、sidideyucong、litiandisifangdegui、zhang、hu、huangdouyouyangedeguiding。yuxizeshiguojiahewangquanzhixiangzheng，congqinchaokaishi，huangdicaiyongyiyuweixidezhidu，yizhiyanxidaoqingchao。handaipeiyuzhongyouquxiesanbao，jiyuwengzhong、yugangmao、yusinanpei，chuanshipinduoyouchuxian。handaifeicuizhong“yizisun”mingwenyubi、yuandiaoyupixiedengzuopin，doushixiangruifeicui。tangsongshiqifeicuimouxiechuluduannidejixiangtuan，youqishiyudiaotongzihehuaniaotuandeguangfanchuxian，weiyihoujixiangleiyudiaodeshengxingpudianlejichu。liao、jin、yuanshiqigedichutudegezhongguilianticaideyudiaozhipinjiushidiaoguiyulianyezhishang。

　　zaimingdai、youqishihouqi、zaifeicuidiaozhuoshang，wangwangcaiyongyizhong“tubiyouyi、yibijixiang”detuanwenshi。qingdaifeicuijixiangtuanyouxianren、foxiang、dongwu、zhiwu，youdehaidianzhuizhelu、shoufu、jixiang、shuangxidengwenzi。qingdaifeicuizhongjixiangleituandedaliangchuxian、liuxing，shijishangcongyigecemiantixianledangshishehuirenmenxiwangjiezhuyufeicuilaizhufutaren、baoyouzishen、xiangwangyuzhuiqiuxingfushenghuodexintai。yushizhongguorenshouzhongdebao，gengshixinzhongdehun。jinyinyoujiayuduyouyuan。tianjingdisuitianranfeicuichanpinxingshixinying，pinzhongqiquan，pinzhiyiliu，baokuoyufo、ruyi、pingankou、zhujie、zhangmingsuo、fudou、pixiudengdeng。yuyifengfu，rubainianhaohe、longfengchengxiang、fushoushuangquan、zhuangyuanjidi、lianshengsanji、jixiangruyideng。

　　翡翠的等级划分

　　pingjiafeicuiyou“di”、“haoshui”、“cuidehao”dengshuyu。“di”zhifeicuizhongqitayanse，yushaocuiduoweishangpin;“haoshui”zhifeicuizhidixinenrunhua，tongtouqingche，jingyingningzhong，biliangxiren，yechengfeicuijiezhizhiwei“qiao”，fanzhicheng“shuicha”;“cuidehao”danghe“nong、yang、zheng、he”sizi，“nong”shizhinongerbudan，ruyuhoudongqing，“yang”shizhixianyanmingliang，“zheng”zhiwuzase、xiesexianghun，“he”shizhicuidejunyunwushenqianzhifen，fanzhizecheng“dan、yin、xie、hua”。

　　透明度

　　t1/touming | t2/yatouming | t3/bantouming | t4/weitouming | t5/butouming |

　　颜色类别

　　wuse | lv | hong-huang | zi | qita |

　　sediao：g=lv | yg=lv(weihuang)| bg=lv(weilan)

　　caidu：ch1=jinong | ch2=nong | ch3=jiaonong | ch4=jiaodan | ch5=dan |

　　mingdu：v1=mingliang | v2=jiaomingliang | v3=jiaoan | v4=an |

　　质地级别

　　te1/jixi | te2/xi | te3/jiaoxi | te4/jiaocu | te5/cu |(zhu：zhidiyingxiangfeicuidemeiguanjilaogudu，zhidiyuexiniyuejunyun，feicui pinzhiyuegao。)

　　净度级别

　　c1/jichunjing | c2/chunjing | c3/jiaochunjing | c4/shangchunjing | c5/buchunjing |(zhu：feicuijingduqujueyufeicuisuohanzazhikuangwudeduoshaojiliexidechengdu。yuechunjingdefeicuiyuexishao，jingduyuegao。)

　　翡翠价值的鉴别

　　duisuojiandingdefeicuiyujianzaikendingshitianranfeicuideqiantixia，anzhao5c2tbiaozhun：chengfen(composition)、yanse(color)、jingdu(clarity)、qiegong(cut)、zhongliang(carat)、toumingdu(transparency)、jiegou(texture)huafenpinjijijiagedang。feicuishiyushizhiguan，gaodangfeicuizaigepaimaihuishangbuduanchuangzaolingrenjingtandetianjia，suoyifangmaotianranfeicuideb、chuojiqitafangmaopincengchubuqiong，lingzhengpaideshangjia、xiaofeizhejijiancerenyuanshangtounaojin，geweiwanyouzaishijixuangoufeicuideshihouyaotebieliuyi。

　　(1)翠性：

　　bulunfeicuiyuanliaohuochengpin，zhiyaozaipaoguangmianshangzixiguancha，tongchangkejiandaohuabanyiyangdebianbanjingjiaozhijiegou。zaiyikuaifeicuishangkeyijiandaoliangzhongxingtaideyingyujingti，yizhongshikelishaodadelizhuangbanjing，lingyizhongshibanjingzhouweijiaozhizaiyiqidexianweizhuangxiaojingti。yibanqingkuangxiatongyikuaifeicuidebanjingkelidaxiaojunyun。

　　(2)shihua：feicuizhongjunyouxixiaotuankuaizhuang，toumingduweichadebaisexianweizhuangjingtijiaozhizaiyiqideshihua。zheizhongshihuahebanjingdequbieshibanjingtouming，shihuaweitoumingzhibutouming。

　　(3)颜色：

　　feicuideyansebujun，zaibaise、oufense、youqingse、doulvsededizishangbanyounongdanbutongdelvsehuoheise。jiushizailvsededizishangyeyounongdanzhifen。

　　(4)光泽：

　　feicuiguangzemingliang，paoguangduhao，chengmingliang、rouhedeqiangboliguangze。

　　(5)miduhezheshelv：

　　feicuidemiduda，zaisanxiujiawanzhongxunsuxiachen，eryuqixiangsideruanyu、shewenshiyu、putaoshi、shiyingyanyudeng，junzaisanxiujiawanzhongxuanfuhuopiaofu。feicuidezheshelvwei1.66zuoyou(diancefa)，erqitaxiangsideyushijundiyu1.63。

　　(6)baoguoti：feicuizhongdeheisekuangwubaoguotiduoshourongrong，kelibianyuanchengsongsandeyunwuzhuang，lvsezaiheisebaoguotizhouweibianshen，you"lvsuiheizou"zhishuo。

　　(7)tuoshuixingqiang：jizaifeicuichengpinshangdishangyidishui，shuizhutuqijiaogao。

　　zongzhi，feicuizhuyaodeshibietezhengshi：yansebujun，lvsezouxiangyanzhang;daiyouzhideqiangboliguangze;bianbanjingjiaozhijiegou;youlianggan，zaichaersijingxiayansebubian。

　　翡翠的产地

　　shijieshangchaoguo90%defeicuichanyumiandian，ribenxinxixianyijibeiluyanhai，weidimala、meiguo、eluosiyeyouchuchan。quanshijieyitanmingbaoshijidefeicuiyuanliaojinchanyumiandianbeibukeqinbangmizhineidiqu。