红宝石(Ruby)

　　hongseshizhongguorenrenweixiqingdeyanse，daibiaozheai、lilianghereqing，yexiangzhengzheshenghuodehonghuo。zaimirendecaisebaoshiwangguoli，hongbaoshidangrenburangdebeigongrenweibaoshizhiwang。tianranhongbaoshidaduolaiziyazhou(miandian、taiguohesililanka)、feizhouheaodaliya，meiguomengdanazhouhenankaluolaineizhouyeyouyidian。tianranhongbaoshifeichangshaojianzhengui，gongyeyonghongbaoshidoushirenzaode。

　　红宝石的定义

　　hongbaoshi(ruby)shizhiyansechenghongse、fenhongsedegangyu，tashigangyudeyizhong，zhuyaochengfenshiyanghualv(al2o3)，hongselaizige(cr)，zhuyaoweicr2o3，hanliangyiban0.1—3%，zuigaozheda4%。hongbaoshijishenyushijiewudazhenchenshizhilie，shirenmenzhenaidebaoshipinzhong。shijiebaoshixuejiedinghongbaoshiweiqiyuedeshengchenshi。

　　红宝石的文化

　　hongbaoshizhiredehongseshirenmenzongbatahereqing、aiqinglianxizaiyiqi，beiyuwei“aiqingzhishi”，xiangzhengzhereqingsihuo，aiqingdemeihao、yonghenghejianzhen。zaishengjingzhonghongbaoshishisuoyoubaoshizhongzuizhenguide，hongbaoshishiqiyuedeshengchenshi，yeshijiehun15zhounian、40zhounianhe80zhouniandejinianshi。butongsezedehongbaoshi，laizibutongdeguodu，quetongyangyiweizheyifenjixiang。hongseyongyuanshimeideshizhe，hongbaoshigengshijiangzhuyuansongyutarendezuijiaxiangdao。yeyouyuhongbaoshideyanli，renmenyizhirenweihongbaoshibijiaoshihepeidaizaibijiaochengshudenvxingshenshang。yibanlaijiang，hongbaoshi(ruby)dejiagekeyibizuanshigaochuhenduo，danshihongbaoshixiangduizuanshilaishuo，yegengweixiyou。yinci，ruguoniyouxingyujianzijixihuandehongbaoshi，zaijingjixukefanweinei，jiuyiwufangudeyongyouba。

　　红宝石的价值鉴别

　　hongbaoshidefenjibiaozhunzhuyaoshiyiju1the4c：jitoumingdu(transparency)、yanse(colour)、jingdu(clarity)、qiegong(cut)、kelazhongliang(carat)laihengliang。zaihongbaoshiderouyanjiandingzhong，yibanjiangtoumingdufenwei：touming、yatouming、bantouming、yabantouming、butoumingwugejibie，hongbaoshiyuetoumingyuehao;yanse：hongbaoshideyanseyouduozhong，hongse、chenghongse、fenhongse、zihongse、anhongse，qizhongyichunhongseweizuihao。jingdu:hongbaoshidejingdushizhihongbaoshizaixingchengguochengzhong，neibushengchengdeyixiekuangwubaoti，qiyebaoti，yinciyikehaodehongbaoshiqibaotiyueshaoyuehao。qiegong：hongbaoshideqiegongzhuyaocongzhuoxing、bili、duichengxinghexiushidudengfangmianqukaolv，zhuoxingshizhibaoshiqiemodexingzhuang，changjianyoutuoyuanxing、yuanduomianxing、zumulvxingdeng。bilishizhizhuoxingdeyaokuanxiangduiyuquanshendebi，yibankejieshoudebilishi60%～80%。duichengxingshizhiyaoyuanshifouduicheng，dijianshifoupianxin，taimianshifouqingxie。xiushidushizhikemianpailiedezhengqidu，jipaoguangzhiliangdeng。

　　红宝石的种类

　　hongbaoshi(ruby)dehongseyuxianyanbianyumeili、yuyoujiazhi。hongbaoshi(ruby)zhongjipindeyansebeichengwei“gexuehong”，tadehongsechulechunjing、baohe、mingliangzhiwai，gengjirenyiqiangliede“ranshaodehuo”yu“liudongdexue”deganjue，jianghongbaoshi(ruby)demeibiaoludeyilanwuyi。henduorenkanguo“gexuehong”，bianduitaniannianbuwang，zheizhongbaoshidehongguanghaoxiangbuzhishihongseyansedechengxian，haoxiangyoumouzhongwuzhizaibaoshizhongranshao。“gexue”hongbaoshi(ruby)zhuyaochanzimiandianbeibuyigejuyouchuanqisecaidekuangshan——mogu。shuotashixue，shiyinweizhuanjiacengjiangzheizhonghongbaoshi(ruby)dehongseyuziranjiezhonggezhonggeyangdehongsejinxingguoduibi，quefaxianzhiyoumiandiandangdisuochudechengniangezidongmaizhongdexianxuecaibijiaojiejin，erqiezheizhongxuebixushixinxiande、tiaodongdexianxue，yidanzheizhongxuelikaigezideshentichaoguoshijimiaozhong，zheizhongyansebianbuzaikeyiyu“gexue”hongbaoshi(ruby)zuoduibile。

　　“gezixue”shihongbaoshizhongdejipin，danputongde(ruby)yeshifeichangxiyouzhenguide。hongbaoshi(ruby)jizhongtixianlegaojibaoshidesangezhuyaotezheng：mirendemeili、jigaodexiyouxingheyouxiudenaijiuxing。hongbaoshi(ruby)demeishouxiantixianzaiqiduyiwuerdehongseshang。suiranzaiziranjiezhonghongsedebaoshiyouhenduozhong，danweiyouhongbaoshi(ruby)dehongsenenggoujirendailaizuizhenhandeshijuechongji。youzhidehongbaoshi(ruby)shijiqixiyouqiejinanhuodede。zaimiandian，pingjunmei400dunhongbaoshi(ruby)kuangshi，zhinengshaixuanchu1kelazuoyoudehongbaoshi(ruby)yuankuang，erduizheixiehongbaoshi(ruby)yuankuangjinxingzaicijingxuanzhihou，mei1000kezheizhongkuangshijinnenggoutiaoxuanchuyike——zaiyanse、jingdu、zhongliangdenggefangmianjundadaobaoshijidehongbaoshi(ruby)。hongbaoshi(ruby)denaijiuxingzhuyaoyuanyuqizhuoyuedeyingduhenaigaowendetexing。hongbaoshi(ruby)demoshiyingduwei9，jinciyuzuanshi，shiziranjiezhongdieryingdewuzhi。tongshitakeyichengshouyue2000sheshidudegaowenerburonghua，zheiyaobizuanshibudao1000sheshiduderandiangaochuxuduo。yinci，buguanjiangqixiangqianweizhubaoshoushilaipeidai，haishizuoweisijiadeshouzang，tadoukeyiwujuhuanjingdebianqian，lijiuermixin。

　　红宝石的产地：

　　1.miandianhongbaoshi：miandianshihongbaoshizuizhumingdechandi，conggushihouqimiandianhongbaoshijiuhenchuming，tebieshimiandianbeibudemogudiquchuchandeyizhongjiao“gexuehong”dehongbaoshigengjuhongbaoshizhiguan，taxianyanduomu，rutongdangdiyizhonggeniaodexiongbuxianxueyiyang，gudeming“gexuehong”，miandianhongbaoshiyansefenbubujunyun，changchengnongdanbuyidexuzhuang，tuankuaizhuang，zaizhengtifanweineibiaoxianchuyizhongju “tangmizhuang”gouzao，zheizhonggouzaocengzuoweimiandianhongbaoshidejiandingtedian，lingwai，miandianhongbaoshihanyoufengfudejinhongshibaoti。

　　2.taiguohongbaoshi：taiguoyeshihongbaoshidezhongyaochanchuguo，taiguohongbaoshidabufenyansejiaoshen，youxiexiangshiliushineiyangcongweizihongsedaozonghongse，lingwai，jihuqueshijinhongshibaoti，yincimeiyouxingguanghongbaoshipinzhong。

　　3.sililankahongbaoshi：hongbaoshideyanseshaoqian，chengfenhongsedejuduo，neibuhandaliangdejinhongshi，gaoshibaoti。

　　4.yuenanhongbaoshi：yansejieyumiandianhetaiguohongbaoshizhijian，zongtiyansebimiandianhongbaoshishen，erbitaiguohongbaoshiqian，biaoxianweizihongse、qianzise。

　　5.zhongguohongbaoshi：muqianwoguohongbaoshichandiyouqi、bachuzhiduo，zhuyaoyouqinghai、anhui、xinjiang、yunnan、heilongjiangheqinghaidengsheng、qu，qizhongyunnanhongbaoshishizhongguojinnianlaifaxiandezuihaodehongbaoshikuangwu。